Notes from yesterday:
The Punic Wars
Rome v. Carthage
o
Three Wars
First Punic War
o
(364- 241 BCE)
o
Naval battles for control of the
strategically located island of Sicily
o
Rome Wins
Second Punic War
o
(264- 156 BCE)
o
29 year old Carthaginian General
Hannibal almost does the impossible: taking Rome
o
Attacks Rome from the North after
crossing Iberia (Spain) and the Alps
o
Lays siege to Roman empire
Third Punic War (final)
o
(149- 146 BCE)
o
Rome wanted to finally remove the
threat of Carthage
o
Scipio, Tiberius Gracchus, and
others mercilessly attacked the city
o
Carthage was burned for 17 days; the
city's walls and buildings were utterly destroyed
o
When the war ended, the last 50,000
people in the city were sold into slavery
o
The rest of Carthage's territories
were annexed, and made into the Roman Province of Africa
Economic Change
o
Slaves poured out of Italy ( 50,000
Carthaginians, 150,000 Greek POW's, etc.)
o
By the end of the second century BCE
there were over a million slaves in Italy
o
Small farmers lost their land to
aristocrats
o
If they couldn't pay their debts,
sometimes because men on the farm were fighting battles
o
Slaves did the work on the farms for
the rich
o
The big farms became massive estates
call Latifundia
Notes From Today:
o
How do you keep the plebians form revolting
o
“anxiously hopes for 2 things: bread
and circus”
o
There were millions of people so you
did not want them to revolt
§ Give
them something that makes you look very generous
·
Gave out free grain
·
Gave entertainment (Circus Maximus)
·
Kept them quiet and distracted
o
Change in rule
o
Tiberius Gracchus
§ Recognized
advantages of making the plebs happy
·
Giving the people back their land
back?
o
Middle class loved it
§ Rich
people didn’t want to give back their land so they made rumors that Tiberius wanted
to be king
·
They also beat him to death with chairs
and through him into the Tibrus River
o
Julius Caesar
§ 100-44
BCE
§ Highly
successful general
§ Conquered
Gaul
§ How
he worked
·
Make common folks happy
·
Made friends in high places
o
Pompey
§ A
general who conquered Syria and palestine
o
Crassus
§ Richest
man in Rome
o
These 3 men formed the first triumvirate
§ Crossing
the Rubicon
·
Crossing the point of no return
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