Conversion of Constantine
·
312 AD
·
Constantine as a vision before battle
o
Constantine the roman emperor
·
He sees an cross in the sky and “in this sign,
conquer”
·
He orders troops to put crosses on their shields
o
They win battle
Edict of Milan
·
313 AD
·
Christianity is an approved religion by the emperor
o
Gains strength
·
380 AD
o
Becomes empire’s official religion
Decline of Roman Empire.
·
Christianity strengthens = Rome weakens
·
Military
o
To weak to defend a huge area
·
Economy
o
Taxes too high
o
Widening gap between rich and poor
o
Trade disrupted
·
Social
o
Who cares about public affairs?
o
Pop decrease
o
Disloyalty
·
Political
o
Division if the empire
·
LAST EMPEROR
o
476
o
14 YEAR OLD BOY NAMED ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS
Germanic Kingdoms Unite under Charlemagne
·
Many german kingdoms that succeeded the roman empire
were reunited under charlemagne’s empire
·
Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout
northern Europe
·
Middle ages= medieval period
o
476-1453 AD
o
Medieval Europe is fragmented
·
This new society had roots in
o
Heritage of Rome
o
Roman Catholic Church beliefs
o
Germanic tribal customs
·
5th century Germanic invaders
o
Overrun west half of Roman Empire
§ Disruption of
trade
§ Downfall of
cities
§ Population shifts
to rural areas
§ Decline of
learning
·
Oral tradition but could not read
·
Few besides priests were literate
·
Germanic Kingdoms emerge
o
400-600 AD
o
Warriors loyalty is to the lord of the manor
§ He supplies
them w food, weapons, and reassure
o
Resulted in no orderly government and small
communities ruling
·
Clovis rules the people in gaul
o
France
o
People known as the Franks
o
In 496 he has a battlefield conversion
o
He + 3000 warriors become Christians
o
Roman church likes this
o
511 Clovis and the church are working together
·
Spread of Christianity
o
Church+ Frankish rulers = rise in Christianity
o
In 520 Benedict writes rules for monks
§ Vows of
poverty
·
Live in monasteries
§ Chastity
·
No relations
§ Obedience
·
Listen to church superiors
·
Pope Gregory and Papal Power Play
o
Pope Gregory (Gregory the great) becomes a worldly
power
o
Church revenues are used to help poor, build roads,
and raise armied
§ Theocracy
·
Whos running Europe?
o
Clovis rules the Franks in Gaul until his death in
511
o
Rest of Europe in smaller kingdoms
o
Clovis’ descendants include Charles martel
§ Charles the
Hammer
§ Defeats muslim
raiding party from spain in battle of tours in 732
·
Didn’t win= western Europe is part of the muslim
empire now
§ Son is
Pepin the Short
·
Named king by the Pope and God’s grace
·
Dies in 771
o
Two sons
§ Carolman
·
Dies in 771
§ Charles the
Great
The Crusades
·
Not humanities finest hour
·
The age of faith
·
Holy roman empire is the strongest kingdom in Europe
·
Church has considerable spiritual and political
power
·
500+ cathedrals are built between 1170-1270
·
Jerusalem
o
Late 11th century controlled by Muslims
o
Islams 3rd holiest city
§ Doe of the
rock
o
Holy city to Jews
§ Western wall
o
Holy city to Christians
§ Church of
the holy sepulcher
·
The Holy War
o
Pope Urban 2 called Christians to recapture the holy
land form Muslim turks
§ 200 years
of religiously sanctioned military campaigns
·
1095-1291
o
Crusade= taking of the cross
o
Pope promised those who died would receive immediate
remission for their sins
o
Roger Back warned them
§ Muslims who
survive will have the Christians
o
Byzantine Empire is weakened
o
Pope's power declines
o
Power of feudal nobles weakens
o
Religious intolerance grows
o
Italian cities expand trade
o
Muslims increasingly distrust Christians
o
Trade grows between Europe and the Middle East
o
European technology improves as Crusaders learn from
Muslims
o
Byzantine Empire is weakened
o
Pope's power declines
o
Power of feudal nobles weakens
o
Religious intolerance grows
o
Italian cities expand trade
o
Muslims increasingly distrust Christians
o
Trade grows between Europe and the Middle East
o
European technology improves as Crusaders learn from
Muslims
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