Notes From 4/14

·         Caesar

o   Appoints himself governor of Gaul

o   Pompey becomes the rival of Caesar

o   44 BC he is named dictator

§  Then dictator for life

o   44 BC he also died 

§  Sic semper tyrannis

·         Thus always to tyrants

o   He did do certain things well

§  Granted citizenship

§  Expanded senate

§  Created jobs for poor

§  Increased soldiers pay

§  Started colonies for those without land

o   Assassination

§  Senators saw Caesars rise as a threat

§  Lured him into the senate and stabbed him 23 times

§  Senators were not punished

§  End of the republic

o   Aftermath

§  Octavian takes over at the age of 18

§  Forms a triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus

§  Second triumvirate

·         DOOMED

o   Octavian forces Lepidus to retire

o   He and Mark Antony become rivals

§  Mark Antony partners up w Cleopatra

§  Personally

§  Politically

§  economically

·         Octavian defeats them @ Battle of Actium

·         Octavian

o   Expanded the roman empire further into Africa

o   Set up civil service to run the government

o   Died of natural causes

o   Octavian is on his on at 33

§  Called Caesar Augustus

·         “honored one”

§  Called imperator

·         Supreme military commander

§  Rome is now an empire

o   Empire

§  When an emperor is in charge

§  Octavian is a good emperor

·         40 years of rule

·         27 BC- 14 AD

·         Began a stable era called pax romana (roman peace)

o   207 years long

o   After he died power was passed ot other emperors

§  Some good some bad some insane

o   Tiberius

§  14 AD-37 AD

§  Good general but did not want to be an emperor

·         Exiled himself when his son died bc he didn’t want the job

§  Died @ 77

o   Caligula

§  Ruled for 4 years

·         37 AD- 41 AD

§  Won a power struggle after tibs. Death

§  Known for cruelty, extravagance, and a huuuggeee pervert

§  Appointed his horse counsel

§  Assassinated by like everyone

·         Didn’t work…

o   Claudius

§  41 AD- 54 AD

§  Cerebral palsy??

·         Limp

·         Stammering

·         Shaking

·         Slobbering

§  Took over as the last male in the family

§  Ruled well

·         Built roads, aquaducts, canals, and the conquest of Britain

§  Died of poisoning

·         As his wifes plan so his son could take power

o   Nero

§  Ruled from 54- 68

§  Emphasized the arts

·         Too much like @ important meetings

§  Huge fire in 64

§  He wanted to rebuild Rome to be more majestic

§  Hugely overspent

·         Raided temples for money

§  Historians don’t like him